The whole discussion now underway on revolutionary forms in Russia and in China boils down to the judgement to be made of the historical phenomenon of the "appearance" of industrialism and mechanization in huge areas of the world previously dominated by landed and precapitalist forms of production. Constructing industrialism and mechanizing things is supposedly the same as building socialism whenever central and "national" plans are made. This is the mistaken thesis.

Murdering the Dead: Amadeo Bordiga on Capitalism and Other Disasters